They are popular as pets, partly because of their ability to mimic speech and copy sounds. Trapping of wild birds for the pet trade is a potential threat to wild populations; however, they are protected by CITES (appendix II) making the trade, import and export of all wild-caught parrots illegal.
Description
The Red-fronted Parrot is 28 cm (11 in) long. It is mostly green and has a short black squarish tail. Black feathers on the head, neck, back, and wings have lighter green edges giving a scalloped appearance. The lower mandible is dark grey and the upper mandible has a horn coloured base and a dark grey tip. The irises are red-orange, the eyerings are pinkish-grey, and the legs are grey-brown. The amount of red or orange on the forecrown, the bend of the wing, and thighs varies in the three subspecies. The adult male and female are identical in external appearance. Juveniles lack red on the head and have a blackish plumage above the beak instead. Juveniles also lack red on the wings and thighs, and they have a paler beak and brown irises
Taxonomy
The first Red-fronted Parrot to be scientifically identified was named Congo Jack. The parrot was brought back live from the Congo to the United Kingdom by Sir William Jardine's son on his return from a three-year cruise on the HMS Favourite. Congo Jack became tame and whistled and screamed, rather than talk. Sir William Jardine gave the species the binomial name Pionus Gulielmi after his son, William R.N. (Latin: Gulielmi means "William's"), and published the description in 1849.
Three subspecies are now recognized:
- Poicephalus gulielmi, (Jardine 1849)
- P. g. gulielmi, (Jardine 1849) - orange-red on forehead to forecrown, wings, and thighs. Endemic in the Congo River basin.
- P. g. fantiensis, Neumann 1908 - the forecrown is orange and there is an orange-red or orange on the wings, slightly smaller. Endemic from Liberia to southern Ghana.
- P. g. massaicus, Fischer & Reichenow 1884 - similar to P. gulielmi except on the head the orange-red is less extensive occurring on the forehead above the beak. Endemic in the highlands (1800 to 3500m) of southern Kenya and northern Tanzania.
Behaviour
Breeding
The Red-fronted Parrot nests in tree cavities. The eggs are white and there are usually three or four in a clutch. The female incubates the eggs for about 27 days and the chicks leave the nest about 80 days after hatching.
Feeding
They fly swiftly making noisy calls above the forest canopy in pairs or small groups between their night-time roosts and feeding grounds. They feed quietly in the upper canopy of trees, where they are well camouflaged.
Pets
Usually called Jardine's Parrots, the Red-fronted Parrot is becoming an increasingly popular pet, owing to increased availability and a very vocal following. They are particularly playful and intelligent, and are capable of developing large vocabularies, often with "Grey Parrot-like clarity". Their size, temperament, and voice makes them good candidates for apartment dwellers, when compared to larger, louder birds.
Conservation status
The wild Red-fronted Parrot population in Africa is difficult to estimate, because of its vast range. They are potentially threatened by trapping of wild parrots for the pet trade; however, that are listed on appendix II of The Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES), along with almost all other parrot species. This has made the trade, import and export of all wild caught parrots illegal
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